| pubmed-article:21039611 | rdf:type | pubmed:Citation | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0021311 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0086418 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0001779 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0021759 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0085295 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0036316 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0079189 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0003261 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0449438 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0441889 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0175630 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:issue | 11-12 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:dateCreated | 2010-11-2 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:abstractText | Experimental schistosome infections induce strong parasite-specific Th2 responses. This study aims to relate human systemic cytokine and antibody levels to schistosome infection levels and history. Levels of anti-Schistosoma haematobium antibodies (directed against crude cercariae, egg and adult worm antigens) and plasma cytokines (IFN-?, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23) were measured by ELISA in 227 Zimbabweans (6-60?years old) in a schistosome-endemic area and related to age and infection status. Egg-positive people had significantly higher levels of specific antibodies, IL-2, IFN-? and IL-23. In contrast, egg-negative individuals had significantly higher circulating IL-10, IL-4, IL-13 and IL-21 that were detected with high frequency in all participants. Subjects with detectable plasma IL-17 produced few or no eggs. When analyzed by age, IL-4 and IL-10 increased significantly, as did schistosome-specific antibodies. However, when age was combined with infection status, IL-5 declined over time in egg-positive people, while increased with age in the egg-negative group. Older, lifelong residents had significantly higher IL-4 and IL-5 levels than younger egg-negative people. Thus, a mixed Th1/Th2 systemic environment occurs in people with patent schistosome infection, while a stronger Th2-dominated suite of cytokines is evident in egg-negative individuals. | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:language | eng | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:journal | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:citationSubset | IM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:chemical | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:chemical | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:status | MEDLINE | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:issn | 1365-3024 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:MilnesSS | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:ReillyLL | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:MaizelsRR | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:MduluzaTT | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:MutapiFF | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:MidziNN | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:NauschNN | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:copyrightInfo | © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:issnType | Electronic | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:volume | 32 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:owner | NLM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:authorsComplete | Y | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:pagination | 710-21 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:dateRevised | 2011-7-25 | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:21039611... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:articleTitle | Circulating cytokine levels and antibody responses to human Schistosoma haematobium: IL-5 and IL-10 levels depend upon age and infection status. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:21039611 | pubmed:affiliation | Institute for Immunology & Infection Research, Centre for Infection Diseases, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, UK. | lld:pubmed |
