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pubmed-article:19440515pubmed:abstractTextProtein phosphorylation is a major mode of regulation of metabolism, gene expression and cell architecture. In chloroplasts, reversible phosphorylation of proteins is known to regulate a number of prominent processes, for instance photosynthesis, gene expression and starch metabolism. The complements of the involved chloroplast protein kinases (cpPKs) and phosphatases (cpPPs) are largely unknown, except 6 proteins (4 cpPKs and 2 cpPPs) which have been experimentally identified so far. We employed combinations of programs predicting N-terminal chloroplast transit peptides (cTPs) to identify 45 tentative cpPKs and 21 tentative cpPPs. However, test sets of 9 tentative cpPKs and 13 tentative cpPPs contain only 2 and 7 genuine cpPKs and cpPPs, respectively, based on experimental subcellular localization of their N-termini fused to the reporter protein RFP. Taken together, the set of enzymes known to be involved in the reversible phosphorylation of chloroplast proteins in A. thaliana comprises altogether now 6 cpPKs and 9 cpPPs, the function of which needs to be determined in future by functional genomics approaches. This includes the calcium-regulated PK CIPK13 which we found to be located in the chloroplast, indicating that calcium-dependent signal transduction pathways also operate in this organelle.lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:19440515pubmed:statusPubMed-not-MEDLINElld:pubmed
pubmed-article:19440515pubmed:monthMaylld:pubmed
pubmed-article:19440515pubmed:issn1389-2029lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:19440515pubmed:authorpubmed-author:PribilMMlld:pubmed
pubmed-article:19440515pubmed:authorpubmed-author:DietzmannAAlld:pubmed
pubmed-article:19440515pubmed:authorpubmed-author:LeisterDDlld:pubmed
pubmed-article:19440515pubmed:authorpubmed-author:ZühlkeJJlld:pubmed
pubmed-article:19440515pubmed:authorpubmed-author:SchliebnerIIlld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:19440515pubmed:pagination184-90lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:19440515pubmed:year2008lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:19440515pubmed:articleTitleA Survey of Chloroplast Protein Kinases and Phosphatases in Arabidopsis thaliana.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:19440515pubmed:affiliationLehrstuhl für Botanik, Department Biologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, 80638 München, Germany.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:19440515pubmed:publicationTypeJournal Articlelld:pubmed
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