| pubmed-article:18953531 | rdf:type | pubmed:Citation | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0028263 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0023185 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0392756 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1705994 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C2827666 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1513492 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:issue | 1 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:dateCreated | 2009-2-2 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:abstractText | Variability in motor performance decreases with practice but is never entirely eliminated, due in part to inherent motor noise. The present study develops a method that quantifies how performers can shape their performance to minimize the effects of motor noise on the result of the movement. Adopting a statistical approach on sets of data, the method quantifies three components of variability (tolerance, noise, and covariation) as costs with respect to optimal performance. T-Cost quantifies how much the result could be improved if the location of the data were optimal, N-Cost compares actual results to results with optimal dispersion at the same location, and C-Cost represents how much improvement stands to be gained if the data covaried optimally. The TNC-Cost analysis is applied to examine the learning of a throwing task that participants practiced for 6 or 15 days. Using a virtual set-up, 15 participants threw a pendular projectile in a simulated concentric force field to hit a target. Two variables, angle and velocity at release, fully determined the projectile's trajectory and thereby the accuracy of the throw. The task is redundant and the successful solutions define a nonlinear manifold. Analysis of experimental results indicated that all three components were present and that all three decreased across practice. Changes in T-Cost were considerable at the beginning of practice; C-Cost and N-Cost diminished more slowly, with N-Cost remaining the highest. These results showed that performance variability can be reduced by three routes: by tuning tolerance, covariation and noise in execution. We speculate that by exploiting T-Cost and C-Cost, participants minimize the effects of inevitable intrinsic noise. | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:language | eng | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:journal | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:citationSubset | IM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:status | MEDLINE | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:month | Feb | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:issn | 1432-1106 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:SternalLL | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:CohenR GRG | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:issnType | Electronic | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:volume | 193 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:owner | NLM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:authorsComplete | Y | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:pagination | 69-83 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:dateRevised | 2010-9-21 | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:18953531... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:year | 2009 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:articleTitle | Variability in motor learning: relocating, channeling and reducing noise. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:affiliation | Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:publicationType | Journal Article | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:publicationType | Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18953531 | pubmed:publicationType | Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural | lld:pubmed |
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