| pubmed-article:18621011 | rdf:type | pubmed:Citation | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0019682 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0001175 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0019699 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0019704 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0004561 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0277785 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1521761 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1314939 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0450254 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0332120 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0449435 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | pubmed:issue | 1 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | pubmed:dateCreated | 2008-7-14 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | pubmed:abstractText | B lymphocyte hyperactivation and elevated immunoglobulin levels (hypergammaglobulinemia) are pathogenic manifestations of HIV-1 infection. Here we provide evidence that these hallmarks are caused by a soluble factor whose production by infected macrophages is induced by the HIV-1 Nef protein. In vitro, HIV-1-infected macrophages or macrophages expressing Nef promoted B cell activation and differentiation to immunoglobulin-secreting cells. Nef-mediated activation of NF-kappaB in macrophages induced secretion of the acute-phase protein ferritin, and ferritin was necessary and sufficient for the observed Nef-dependent B cell changes. The extent of hypergammaglobulinemia in HIV-1-infected individuals correlated directly with plasma ferritin levels and with viral load. Furthermore, the induction of ferritin production and hypergammaglobulinemia was recapitulated when Nef was specifically expressed in macrophages and T cells of transgenic mice. Collectively, these results indicate that the HIV-1 Nef protein carries a pathogenic determinant that governs B cell defects in HIV-1 infection. | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:18621011 | pubmed:language | eng | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | pubmed:journal | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | pubmed:citationSubset | IM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | pubmed:chemical | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:18621011 | pubmed:status | MEDLINE | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | pubmed:month | Jul | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | pubmed:issn | 1934-6069 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:ZhouJinJ | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:StevensonMari... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:JolicoeurPaul... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:SwinglerSimon... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18621011 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:GreenoughThom... | lld:pubmed |
