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| pubmed-article:18323570 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0015780 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0025260 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0034693 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0004927 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0013987 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0008405 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0035007 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0039476 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0597198 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0449243 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0443199 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0918012 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1515075 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0279848 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0086960 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | pubmed:issue | 3 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | pubmed:dateCreated | 2008-3-7 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | pubmed:abstractText | Choline availability in the maternal diet has a lasting effect on brain and behavior of the offspring. To further delineate the impact of early nutritional status, we examined effects of prenatal-choline supplementation on timing, emotion, and memory performance of adult male and female rats. Rats that were given sufficient choline (CON: 1.1 g/kg) or supplemental choline (SUP: 5.0 g/kg) during embryonic days (ED) 12-17 were trained with a differential reinforcement of low-rate (DRL) schedule that was gradually transitioned through 5-, 10-, 18-, 36-, and 72-sec criterion times. We observed that SUP-females emitted more reinforced responses than CON-females, which were more efficient than both groups of males. In addition, SUP-males and SUP-females exhibited a reduction in burst responding (response latencies <2 sec) compared with both groups of CON rats. Furthermore, despite a reduced level of burst responding, the SUP-males made more nonreinforced responses prior to the DRL criterion as a result of maintaining the previous DRL criterion following transition to a new criterion. In summary, long-lasting effects of prenatal-choline supplementation were exhibited by reduced frustrative DRL responding in conjunction with the persistence of temporal memory in SUP-males and enhanced temporal exploration and response efficiency in SUP-females. | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:18323570 | pubmed:language | eng | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | pubmed:journal | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | pubmed:citationSubset | IM | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:18323570 | pubmed:status | MEDLINE | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | pubmed:month | Mar | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | pubmed:issn | 1549-5485 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:MeckWarren... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:MacDonaldChri... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:WilliamsChris... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:ChengRuey-Kua... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | pubmed:issnType | Electronic | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | pubmed:volume | 15 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | pubmed:owner | NLM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | pubmed:authorsComplete | Y | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | pubmed:pagination | 153-62 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18323570 | pubmed:dateRevised | 2009-11-18 | lld:pubmed |
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