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| pubmed-article:18308356 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1261188 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0449560 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1706070 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0679622 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0205314 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1880371 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:issue | 1 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:dateCreated | 2008-5-6 | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:abstractText | This study presents an interconnected approach for circumventing two inherent limitations associated with studies defining the natural history of influenza A viruses in wild birds. The first limiting factor is the ability to maintain a cold chain from specimen collection to the laboratory when study sites are in more remote locations. The second limiting factor is the ability to identify all influenza A virus HA subtypes present in an original sample. We report a novel method for molecular subtyping of avian influenza A virus hemagglutinin genes using degenerate primers designed to amplify all known hemagglutinin subtypes. It was shown previously that templates larger than 200 bp were not consistently amplifiable from ethanol-fixed cloacal swabs. For this study, new primer sets were designed within these constraints. This method was used to perform subtyping RT-PCR on 191 influenza RNA-positive ethanol-fixed cloacal swabs obtained from 880 wild ducks in central Alaska in 2005. Seven different co-circulating hemagglutinin subtypes were identified in this study set, including H1, H3, H4, H5, H6, H8, and H12. In addition, 16% of original cloacal samples showed evidence of mixed infection, with samples yielding from two-to-five different hemagglutinin subtypes. This study further demonstrates the complex ecobiology of avian influenza A viruses in wild birds. | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:language | eng | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:journal | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:citationSubset | IM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:chemical | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:status | MEDLINE | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:month | May | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:issn | 0042-6822 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:TaubenbergerJ... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:WangRuixueR | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:SlemonsRichar... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:RunstadlerJon... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:SollLindseyL | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:DuganVivienV | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:HappGeorgeG | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:issnType | Print | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:day | 25 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:volume | 375 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:owner | NLM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:authorsComplete | Y | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:18308356 | pubmed:pagination | 182-9 | lld:pubmed |
