The HIV pandemic has been associated with a rise in the prevalence of primary and recurrent cryptococcosis. Evidence-based treatment algorithms exist for the use of antifungal drugs and maintaining normal intracranial pressure in HIV-infected hosts with cryptococcal meningitis. Further investigation is needed for the treatment of cases with refractory infections and cryptococcosis-related immune reconstitution syndrome, along with the optimal use of adjuvant therapies. Primary and secondary prevention strategies remain at the crux of global control strategies for cryptococcal disease.
John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Department of Medicine, 1356 Lusitana Street, 7th Floor, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA. thanak30@yahoo.com
