| pubmed-article:17571562 | pubmed:abstractText | Lipodystrophy syndrome is a common term in the literature traditionally used to describe several morphologic (lipoatrophy; lipohypertrophy; mixed syndrome) and metabolic (dyslipidemia, insulin resistance) disturbances found in patients with HIV disease, with or without treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Increasing evidence suggests these disorders, though commonly clustering in a syndrome pattern, have distinct pathologic pathways and can occur independently of each other. The pathogenesis of these disorders is complex, but recent hypotheses and evidence suggest that impairment to adipocyte differentiation, in particular through alterations in the expression of the transcription factor sterol responsive element binding protein-lc (SREBP1c), impairment of adipokine regulation, unopposed production of proinflammatory cytokines, adipocyte apoptosis mediated by proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and IL-6, dysregulation of 1l-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and mitochondrial toxicity may play a role. | lld:pubmed |
