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pubmed-article:16500923pubmed:abstractTextEstimating the effects of haplotypes on the age of onset of a disease is an important step toward the discovery of genes that influence complex human diseases. A haplotype is a specific sequence of nucleotides on the same chromosome of an individual and can only be measured indirectly through the genotype. We consider cohort studies which collect genotype data on a subset of cohort members through case-cohort or nested case-control sampling. We formulate the effects of haplotypes and possibly time-varying environmental variables on the age of onset through a broad class of semiparametric regression models. We construct appropriate nonparametric likelihoods, which involve both finite- and infinite-dimensional parameters. The corresponding nonparametric maximum likelihood estimators are shown to be consistent, asymptotically normal, and asymptotically efficient. Consistent variance-covariance estimators are provided, and efficient and reliable numerical algorithms are developed. Simulation studies demonstrate that the asymptotic approximations are accurate in practical settings and that case-cohort and nested case-control designs are highly cost-effective. An application to a major cardiovascular study is provided.lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:16500923pubmed:articleTitleEfficient semiparametric estimation of haplotype-disease associations in case-cohort and nested case-control studies.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:16500923pubmed:affiliationDepartment of Biostatistics, CB# 7420, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7420, USA.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:16500923pubmed:publicationTypeJournal Articlelld:pubmed
pubmed-article:16500923pubmed:publicationTypeResearch Support, N.I.H., Extramurallld:pubmed
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