| pubmed-article:16226725 | rdf:type | pubmed:Citation | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0003209 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1533691 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1515999 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0243071 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1515655 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0871161 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1137017 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0604790 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0208225 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:issue | 11 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:dateCreated | 2005-10-31 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:abstractText | Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is a simple aliphatic ester derived from the endogenous metabolite, pyruvic acid. EP has been shown to decrease the expression of various pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO*), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), cyclooxygenase-2, and interleukin (IL)-6, in a variety of in vitro and in vivo model systems. In an effort to better understand the chemical features that might explain the anti-inflammatory properties of EP, we screened 15 commercially available compounds for cytoprotective or anti-inflammatory effects using two in vitro assay systems: TNF and NO* production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage-like cells and changes in the permeability of Caco-2 human enterocyte-like monolayers stimulated with a cocktail of pro-inflammatory cytokines called cytomix (1000U/ml IFN-gamma plus 10ng/ml TNF-alpha plus 1ng/ml IL-1beta). Two compounds, namely diethyl oxaloproprionate (DEOP) and 2-acetamidoacrylate (2AA), demonstrated consistent anti-inflammatory or cytoprotective pharmacological properties in this screening process. Treatment of mice with either of these compounds ameliorated LPS-induced ileal mucosal hyperpermeability to the fluorescent probe, fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (average molecular mass 4kDa), and bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes. Treatment with either of these compounds also improved survival in mice challenged with a lethal dose of LPS. Finally, in a study that compared 2AA to its methyl ester, we showed that methyl-2-acetamidoacrylate is at least 100-fold more potent than the parent carboxylate as an inhibitor of LPS-induced NO* production by RAW 264.7 cells. Collectively, these data are consistent with the view that anti-inflammatory activity is demonstrable for a number of compounds that either incorporate an olefinic linkage conjugated to a carbonyl moiety or are capable of undergoing tautomeric rearrangement to form such a structure. Moreover, our findings suggest that esters with these general characteristics, perhaps because of their greater lipophilicity or electrophilicity, are more potent anti-inflammatory agents than are the parent carboxylates. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:language | eng | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:journal | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:citationSubset | IM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:chemical | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:status | MEDLINE | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:month | Nov | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:issn | 0006-2952 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:FinkMitchell... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:DeludeRussell... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:SappingtonPen... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:YangRunkuanR | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:HanYushengY | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:CruzRuy JRJJr | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:EnglertJoshua... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:HaradaTomoyuk... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:AjamiAlfred... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:KilleenMeagha... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:issnType | Print | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:day | 25 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:volume | 70 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:owner | NLM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:authorsComplete | Y | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:pagination | 1579-92 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:dateRevised | 2009-11-19 | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:year | 2005 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:articleTitle | The ethyl pyruvate analogues, diethyl oxaloproprionate, 2-acetamidoacrylate, and methyl-2-acetamidoacrylate, exhibit anti-inflammatory properties in vivo and/or in vitro. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:affiliation | Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 616 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:16226725 | pubmed:publicationType | Journal Article | lld:pubmed |
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