| pubmed-article:15616573 | rdf:type | pubmed:Citation | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0009498 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0439659 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:issue | 2 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:dateCreated | 2005-1-26 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:abstractText | The complement system has been thought to originate exclusively in the deuterostomes. Here, we show that the central complement components already existed in the primitive protostome lineage. A functional homolog of vertebrate complement 3, CrC3, has been isolated from a 'living fossil', the horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda). CrC3 resembles human C3 and shows closest homology to C3 sequences of lower deuterostomes. CrC3 and plasma lectins bind a wide range of microbes, forming the frontline innate immune defense system. Additionally, we identified CrC2/Bf, a homolog of vertebrate C2 and Bf that participates in C3 activation, and a C3 receptor-like sequence. Furthermore, complement-mediated phagocytosis of bacteria by the hemocytes of horseshoe crab was also observed. Thus, a primitive yet complex opsonic complement defense system is revealed in the horseshoe crab, a protostome species. Our findings demonstrate an ancient origin of the critical complement components and the opsonic defense mechanism in the Precambrian ancestor of bilateral animals. | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:language | eng | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:journal | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:citationSubset | IM | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:status | MEDLINE | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:month | Jan | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:issn | 0261-4189 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:ZhuYongY | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:HoBowB | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:DingJeak... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:SaravananThan... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:issnType | Print | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:day | 26 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:volume | 24 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:owner | NLM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:authorsComplete | Y | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:pagination | 382-94 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:dateRevised | 2009-11-18 | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:year | 2005 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:articleTitle | The ancient origin of the complement system. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:affiliation | Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:publicationType | Journal Article | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:15616573 | pubmed:publicationType | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | lld:pubmed |
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