| pubmed-article:12694537 | pubmed:abstractText | c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, is activated by specific cytokines and various environmental stresses. MKK4 and MKK7 are shown to be direct activators of JNK. Although several upstream components of the JNK pathway, including members of the MAPKKK family have been described, the components lying between the receptors or sensors and JNK have not been fully characterized. | lld:pubmed |
