pubmed-article:11801642 | rdf:type | pubmed:Citation | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0033308 | lld:lifeskim |
pubmed-article:11801642 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0017710 | lld:lifeskim |
pubmed-article:11801642 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0021467 | lld:lifeskim |
pubmed-article:11801642 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1423842 | lld:lifeskim |
pubmed-article:11801642 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0439851 | lld:lifeskim |
pubmed-article:11801642 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1527148 | lld:lifeskim |
pubmed-article:11801642 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0439852 | lld:lifeskim |
pubmed-article:11801642 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0021469 | lld:lifeskim |
pubmed-article:11801642 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1552596 | lld:lifeskim |
pubmed-article:11801642 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1947931 | lld:lifeskim |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:issue | 3 | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:dateCreated | 2002-1-21 | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:abstractText | Progesterone may contribute to the maternal suppression of immunity to the fetus by modulating the Th1/Th2 balance. To clarify whether progesterone directly or indirectly affects T cell differentiation, we used two experimental systems with isolated T cells in vitro. In one system, isolated CD4+CD8+thymocytes differentiated into Th1 and Th2 by two pulse stimulations with defined combinations of ionomycin and PMA followed by the treatment with IL-12, IL-4, and IL-2. In the second system, functional differentiation was induced in purified naive CD4 T cells with cytokines and Abs to CD3 and CD28. In both systems, progesterone added with cytokines suppressed Th1 development at concentrations associated with pregnancy, but enhanced the development of IL-10-producing Th2 cells. Because IL-10 is known to inhibit APC production of IL-12, Th1 development may be also suppressed indirectly by progesterone. However, progesterone failed to enhance IL-10 production in the absence of IL-12. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB203580 inhibited Th1 development and enhanced Th2 development, as did progesterone, indicating that p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways are involved in Th1 development. However, the progesterone effects may not be simply due to a modulation of MAPK activities, because the inhibitor did not significantly affect the development of IL-10-producing cells in the presence or absence of progesterone. Glucocorticoids exerted effects similar to those of progesterone on Th1/Th2 development even at lower concentrations. These results suggest that progesterone as well as glucocorticoids directly inhibit Th1 development and enhance Th2 development. | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:language | eng | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:journal | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:citationSubset | AIM | lld:pubmed |
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pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:status | MEDLINE | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:month | Feb | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:issn | 0022-1767 | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:MiyauraHideki... | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:IwataMakotoM | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:issnType | Print | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:day | 1 | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:volume | 168 | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:owner | NLM | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:authorsComplete | Y | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:pagination | 1087-94 | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:dateRevised | 2009-11-19 | lld:pubmed |
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pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:year | 2002 | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:articleTitle | Direct and indirect inhibition of Th1 development by progesterone and glucocorticoids. | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:affiliation | Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, 11 Minamiooya, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8511, Japan. | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:publicationType | Journal Article | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:publicationType | Comparative Study | lld:pubmed |
pubmed-article:11801642 | pubmed:publicationType | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | lld:pubmed |
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