| pubmed-article:11642733 | rdf:type | pubmed:Citation | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0021753 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0021760 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1704256 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0028351 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C1882825 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0017262 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0851285 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C2911684 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | lifeskim:mentions | umls-concept:C0185117 | lld:lifeskim |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:issue | 4 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:dateCreated | 2001-10-19 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:abstractText | The pineal gland is part of the neuroendocrine system that modulates immune functions. Because the gland is outside the blood-brain barrier, it is accessible to direct feedback from circulating cytokines that affect the synthesis and secretion of melatonin. Recent studies have suggested that intrinsic immunoregulatory cytokines mediate these neuro-immune interactions under the control of sympathetic innervation to the pineal. This study focused on the expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), two cytokines that have important regulatory functions on both neurons and immune cells. Northern blot RNA analysis showed that TGF-beta1, but not IL-6, was expressed in freshly dissected rat pineal glands from neonatal age (1-day-old) into adults. Immunocytochemistry for TGF-beta1 in adult glands revealed localization of this protein in astrocyte-like cells. The sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) increased transcript levels for both TGF-beta1 and IL-6 in adult pineal organ cultures. The effect of NE on IL-6 expression was not found in dispersed cell cultures established from neonatal pineal glands. The immunoregulatory molecule interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) up-regulated the expression of both IL-6 and TGF-beta1 in adult pineal organ cultures, but not in neonate pineal organ cultures. These findings suggest that TGF-beta1 and IL-6 have intrinsic regulatory roles in the pineal gland and that both neural and immune factors are important mechanisms of regulation. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:grant | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:language | eng | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:journal | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:citationSubset | IM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:chemical | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:chemical | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:chemical | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:chemical | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:chemical | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:chemical | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:chemical | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:chemical | http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:status | MEDLINE | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:month | Oct | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:issn | 0213-3911 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:MAP YPY | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:TsaoS SSS | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:McNultyJ AJA | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:author | pubmed-author:SchlunsK SKS | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:issnType | Print | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:volume | 16 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:owner | NLM | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:authorsComplete | Y | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:pagination | 1135-41 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:dateRevised | 2007-11-14 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:11642733... | lld:pubmed |
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| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:11642733... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:11642733... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:11642733... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:11642733... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:11642733... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:meshHeading | pubmed-meshheading:11642733... | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:year | 2001 | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:articleTitle | TGF-beta1 and IL-6 expression in rat pineal gland is regulated by norepinephrine and interleukin-1beta. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:affiliation | Loyola University Medical Center, Stritch School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Maywood, IL, USA. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:publicationType | Journal Article | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:publicationType | In Vitro | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:publicationType | Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. | lld:pubmed |
| pubmed-article:11642733 | pubmed:publicationType | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't | lld:pubmed |
| http://linkedlifedata.com/r... | pubmed:referesTo | pubmed-article:11642733 | lld:pubmed |
