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pubmed-article:11296298pubmed:abstractTextN-type and P/Q-type Ca(2+) channels are inhibited by neurotransmitters acting through G protein-coupled receptors in a membrane-delimited pathway involving Gbetagamma subunits. Inhibition is caused by a shift from an easily activated "willing" (W) state to a more-difficult-to-activate "reluctant" (R) state. This inhibition can be reversed by strong depolarization, resulting in prepulse facilitation, or by protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation. Comparison of regulation of N-type Ca(2+) channels containing Cav2.2a alpha(1) subunits and P/Q-type Ca(2+) channels containing Ca(v)2.1 alpha(1) subunits revealed substantial differences. In the absence of G protein modulation, Ca(v)2.1 channels containing Ca(v)beta subunits were tonically in the W state, whereas Ca(v)2.1 channels without beta subunits and Ca(v)2.2a channels with beta subunits were tonically in the R state. Both Ca(v)2.1 and Ca(v)2.2a channels could be shifted back toward the W state by strong depolarization or PKC phosphorylation. Our results show that the R state and its modulation by prepulse facilitation, PKC phosphorylation, and Ca(v)beta subunits are intrinsic properties of the Ca(2+) channel itself in the absence of G protein modulation. A common allosteric model of G protein modulation of Ca(2+)-channel activity incorporating an intrinsic equilibrium between the W and R states of the alpha(1) subunits and modulation of that equilibrium by G proteins, Ca(v)beta subunits, membrane depolarization, and phosphorylation by PKC accommodates our findings. Such regulation will modulate transmission at synapses that use N-type and P/Q-type Ca(2+) channels to initiate neurotransmitter release.lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:11296298pubmed:authorpubmed-author:HerlitzeSSlld:pubmed
pubmed-article:11296298pubmed:authorpubmed-author:ScheuerTTlld:pubmed
pubmed-article:11296298pubmed:authorpubmed-author:ZhongHHlld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:11296298pubmed:dateRevised2009-11-18lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:11296298pubmed:articleTitleAllosteric modulation of Ca2+ channels by G proteins, voltage-dependent facilitation, protein kinase C, and Ca(v)beta subunits.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:11296298pubmed:affiliationDepartment of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7280, USA.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:11296298pubmed:publicationTypeJournal Articlelld:pubmed
pubmed-article:11296298pubmed:publicationTypeResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:11296298pubmed:publicationTypeResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tlld:pubmed
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