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pubmed-article:11050241pubmed:abstractTextSelf-organization has been demonstrated in a variety of systems ranging from chemical-molecular to ecosystem levels, and evidence is accumulating that it is also fundamental for animal development. Yet, self-organization can be approached experimentally in only a few animal systems. Cells isolated from the simple metazoan Hydra can aggregate and form a complete animal by self-organization. By using this experimental system, we found that clusters of 5-15 epithelial cells are necessary and sufficient to form de novo head-organizing centers in an aggregate. Such organizers presumably arise by a community effect from a small number of cells that express the conserved HyBra1 and HyWnt genes. These local sources then act to pattern and instruct the surrounding cells as well as generate a field of lateral inhibition that ranges up to 1,000 microm. We propose that conserved patterning systems in higher animals originate from extremely robust and flexible molecular self-organizing systems that were selected for during early metazoan evolution.lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:11050241pubmed:authorpubmed-author:BodeH RHRlld:pubmed
pubmed-article:11050241pubmed:authorpubmed-author:HolsteinT WTWlld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:11050241pubmed:pagination12127-31lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:11050241pubmed:dateRevised2009-11-18lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:11050241pubmed:articleTitleParameters of self-organization in Hydra aggregates.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:11050241pubmed:affiliationDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstr. 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany. technau@bio.tu-darmstadt.delld:pubmed
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