Many children with spina bifida and other causes of neurogenic bladder rely on clean intermittent catheterization to empty the hyporeflexic or areflexic bladder. Direct bladder and sacral nerve root stimulation have been met with limited success. We studied the electrical stimulation of a rectus abdominis muscle flap wrapped around the bladder to achieve bladder contractility and emptying.
Divisions of Pediatric Urology, and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
