Linked Life Data

10547694

Source:http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/10547694

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pubmed-article:10547694pubmed:abstractTextBacteria produce and secrete lipases, which can catalyze both the hydrolysis and the synthesis of long-chain acylglycerols. These reactions usually proceed with high regioselectivity and enantioselectivity, and, therefore, lipases have become very important stereoselective biocatalysts used in organic chemistry. High-level production of these biocatalysts requires the understanding of the mechanisms underlying gene expression, folding, and secretion. Transcription of lipase genes may be regulated by quorum sensing and two-component systems; secretion can proceed either via the Sec-dependent general secretory pathway or via ABC transporters. In addition, some lipases need folding catalysts such as the lipase-specific foldases and disulfide-bond-forming proteins to achieve a secretion-competent conformation. Three-dimensional structures of bacterial lipases were solved to understand the catalytic mechanism of lipase reactions. Structural characteristics include an alpha/beta hydrolase fold, a catalytic triad consisting of a nucleophilic serine located in a highly conserved Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly pentapeptide, and an aspartate or glutamate residue that is hydrogen bonded to a histidine. Four substrate binding pockets were identified for triglycerides: an oxyanion hole and three pockets accommodating the fatty acids bound at position sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3. The differences in size and the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of these pockets determine the enantiopreference of a lipase. The understanding of structure-function relationships will enable researchers to tailor new lipases for biotechnological applications. At the same time, directed evolution in combination with appropriate screening systems will be used extensively as a novel approach to develop lipases with high stability and enantioselectivity.lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:10547694pubmed:authorpubmed-author:JaegerK EKElld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:10547694pubmed:dateRevised2006-11-15lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:10547694pubmed:year1999lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:10547694pubmed:articleTitleBacterial biocatalysts: molecular biology, three-dimensional structures, and biotechnological applications of lipases.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:10547694pubmed:affiliationLehrstuhl Biologie der Mikroorganismen, Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany. karl-erich.jaeger@ruhr-uni-bochum.delld:pubmed
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