. "Edited: Garapati, P V, 2010-08-02"^^ . "Reviewed: Kawai, T, Akira, S, 2010-10-30"^^ . "Authored: Garapati, P V, 2010-08-02"^^ . "Upon binding the dsRNA, RIG-I and MDA5 recruit downstream signal transducer, a mitochondria-bound protein: IPS-1/VISA/MAVS/CARDIF. This mitochondria-bound adaptor has been given four different names according to the various groups who identified it: MAVS, mitochondrial antiviral signaling; IPS-1, interferonbeta promoter stimulator 1; VISA, virus-induced signaling adaptor; CARDIF, CARD adaptor inducing IFNbeta. IPS-1 is an adaptor protein with an N-terminal CARD-like domain (CLD) and with this it associates with the CARD regions of RIG-I and MDA5 and mediate the induction of interferons."^^ . . . . . . . . . "RIG-I/MDA5 interacts with IPS-1"^^ . . . .