Source:http://biocyc.org/biopax/biopax-level3SmallMoleculeReference141202
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| biopax3:comment |
|FRAME: Sphingomyelins Sphingomyelin| is a type of |FRAME: SPHINGOLIPIDS sphingolipid| found in animal cell membranes, especially in the membranous myelin sheath that surrounds some nerve cell axons. It usually consists of |FRAME: PHOSPHORYL-CHOLINE| and |FRAME: Ceramides|. Sphingomyelin is found in all tissues and lipoproteins; for example, it accounts for ~5% of the lipid phosphate in liver and 25% in pancreas |CITS: [2187537]|. Sphingomyelin has a function in signal transduction |CITS: [8086039]|. Sphingomyelin is highly enriched in the plasma membrane of cells, and was considered to be found largely in the exoplasmic leaflet of the cell membrane. However, there is some evidence that there may also be a sphingomyelin pool in the inner leaflet of the membrane |CITS: [2187537]|. Moreover, neutral sphingomyelinase-2, an enzyme that breaks down sphingomyelin into ceramide, has been found to localize exclusively to the inner leaflet, further suggesting that there may be sphingomyelin present there. Sphingomyelin can accumulate in a rare hereditary disease called <A href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=257200">Niemann-Pick Disease</A>. The disease is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme sphingomyelinase, rsulting in accumulation of sphingomyelin in the spleen, liver, lungs, bone marrow, and the brain, causing irreversible neurological damage.
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| biopax3:displayName |
a sphingomyelin
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| biopax3:name |
an <i>N</i>-acyl-sphingosylphosphorylcholine
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| biopax3:standardName |
a sphingomyelin
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| biopax3:structure |