. "Edited: Shamovsky, V, 2011-08-12"^^ . "Reviewed: Gillespie, ME, 2010-11-30"^^ . "Authored: Shamovsky, V, 2010-06-01"^^ . "The mechanism of TBK1 or IKKi{epsilon} activation by TIKAM1 is unclear. It was suggested that these protein kinases undergo autophosphorylation. The most recent studies showed that phosphorylation and the activation of TBK1/ IKKi are catalyzed by a distinct protein kinase (Clark et al. 2009). Other studies demonstrated an essential role of TRAF3 in the activation of TBK1 (Hacker et al 2006).

It was also shown that the ubiquitin like domain (ULD) of TBK1 and IKK-i, a regulatory component, is involved in the control of kinase activation, substrate presentation and downstream signaling."^^ . . . . . . . . . "Recruitment of TBK1/IKK epsilon to K63-poly-Ub-TRAF3:TRIF:activated TLR3|TLR4 followed by their phosphorylation"^^ . . . . . . . . .