. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "HIV-1 Tat in combination with KSHV kaposin A activates the MEK/ERK, STAT3, and PI3K/Akt signals in NIH3T3 cells" . "HIV-1 Tat alters the properties of human neural precursor cells via attenuation of the cell cycle regulatory unit cyclin D1 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, particularly extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)" . "Tat-triggered PKCdelta and PKCtheta activation results in the downstream signaling through the apoptosis pathways mediated by both ERK1/2 and caspase-3" . "Tat activates at least three signaling pathways concurrently, including NF-kappaB, PKC, ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinases and IKKalpha pathways, to promote production of IL-10" . "Cell-permeable SOD inhibits the activation of MAP kinases including ERK, JNK and p38 and the upregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 by HIV-1 Tat" . "HIV-1 Tat-induced glutamate release is mediated through p38 and p42/44 MAPK and through NADPH oxidase and the x(c)(-) cystine-glutamate antiporter (xCT)" . "HIV-1 Tat-linked intracellular third loop of the endothelin-1 type B receptor markedly enhances the endothelin-1 activation of ERK in the bone morphogenetic protein-2 receptor human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells" . "HIV-1-Tat-mediated upregulation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) B chain in astrocytes is regulated by activation of ERK1/2 and JNK MAPK signaling pathways and the downstream transcription factor early growth response 1 (Egr1)" . "HIV-1 Tat induces ERK phosphorylation by the activation of the small GTPase Ras, but not the small GTPase Rac, in human endothelial cells" . "HIV-1 Tat- and oxovanadate-treated microglial cells synergistically induce release of TNF-a and IL-1\u009D proteins, which involves CD45 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways" . "The interaction of HIV-1 Tat with KDR/VEGFR2 is implicated in the activation of ERK1 and ERK2 signaling pathways" . "Adhesion of endothelial cells to HIV-1 Tat triggers a signal transduction pathway, which leads to phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and pp60src and activation of ERK1/2" . "Formation of the Nef-associated kinase complex (NAKC) is sufficient to activate LCK and ERK1/2 and causes a strong Tat-dependent increase of HIV-1 transcription in T cells" . "Expression of HIV-1 Tat in human SK-N-MC cells inhibits the NGF-signaling pathway leading to suppression of MAPK and reduction of Puralpha binding to the Egr-1 promoter" . "Phospholipase C/protein kinase C signaling pathway-dependent phosphorylation of p44/42 and JNK MAP kinases participates partially in IL-1beta induction by TAT" . "HIV-1 Tat activates ERK1 and ERK2 through the activation of MEK1 and MEK2, leading to induction of IL-8, IL-10, IP-10, iNOS, superoxide and TNF-alpha, as well as suppression of p35 activator of cdk5, activation of CREB and increased albumin permeability" . "HIV-1 Tat is phosphorylated by MAPK in vitro" . "Treatment with HIV-1 Tat induces phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK in brain micro vascular endothelial cells (BMEC) and astrocytes, which mediates Tat-induced multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) expression" . "Sulfated polymannuroguluronate (SPMG) blocks the Tat-induced extracellular-signal regulated kinase 1/2- and c-jun amino-terminal kinase-mediated signalling pathways" . "HIV-1 Tat inhibits the LPS-activation of ERK1/2 but not the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases in primary blood monocytes/macrophages" . "HIV-1 Tat and morphine-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells involves ERK1/2 and JNK activation" . "HIV-1 Tat-induced upregulation of B7-H1 protein expression requires activation of the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in human endothelial cells" . "The NADPH oxidase inhibitors DPI and apocynin abrogate HIV-1 Tat-stimulated ERK1/2 activation in human microglia-like cells" . "inhibits" . "downregulates" . "interacts with" . "cooperates with" . "induces phosphorylation of" . "modulates" . "activates" . "inactivates" . "enhances" . "phosphorylated by" . "activated by" .