. . . . . . . . "HIV-1 Tat binds to CCR2 and displaces MCP-1 from this beta-chemokine receptor, an effect mediated by Tat amino acids 24-51" . "Results from the treatment of microglia with HIV-1 Tat suggest downregulation of CCR2 mRNA expression by HIV-1 Tat, however this was deemed to not be significant" . "HIV-1 Tat induces CCR2-mediated glial activation" . "HIV-1 clade B Tat, but not clade C Tat, increases CXCR4 surface expression on resting CD4+ T cells through a CCR2b-dependent mechanism that does not involve de novo protein synthesis" . "downregulates" . "interacts with" . "binds" . "activates" .