. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "The role of HIV-1 Matrix during nuclear import of the HIV-1 preintegration complex has been controversial, however recent understanding indicates HIV-1 Matrix and Vpr proteins act in concert to facilitate nuclear import by binding to karyopherin alpha" . "Nuclear import of HIV-1 preintegration complexes by karyopherin alpha is governed by phosphorylation of HIV-1 Matrix on tyrosine and serine, however the exact role of phosphorylation of the C-terminal tyrosine of Matrix has been debated" . "HIV-1 Matrix contains two nuclear localization signals (NLS) spanning amino acids 24-33 and 110-114 that are recognized by karyopherin alpha and mediate the nuclear import of HIV-1 preintegration complexes" . "HIV-1 Vpr increases the affinity of karyopherin alpha to the HIV-1 Matrix nuclear localization signal, thereby mediating the nuclear import of HIV-1 preintegration complexes" . "HIV-1 Matrix increases intracellular ATP content, an effect hypothesized to support the ATP-dependent nuclear import of HIV-1 preintegration complexes by karyopherin alpha" . "Hsp70 stimulates the binding of HIV-1 matrix to karyopherin alpha" . "imported by" .