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UMD: Solid-state lasers with a rod of yttrium-aluminum-garnet crystal doped with holmium, a rare earth element, as the active medium. Their emission wavelength is 2,100 nm (midinfrared). These lasers are operated in continuous-wave, pulsed, and Q-switched modes. The laser energy can be delivered through a flexible optical glass fiber and can be operated in an aqueous environment.
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