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pubmed-article:11259534pubmed:abstractTextA series of naturally occurring compounds reported recently by multiple laboratories defines a new small-molecule class sharing a unique benzolactone enamide core structure and diverse biological actions, including inhibition of growth of tumor cells and oncogene-transformed cell lines. Here we show that representative members of this class, including salicylihalamide A, lobatamides A-F, and oximidines I and II inhibit mammalian vacuolar-type (H+)-ATPases (V-ATPases) with unprecedented selectivity. Data derived from the NCI 60-cell antitumor screen critically predicted the V-ATPase molecular target, while specific biochemical assays provided confirmation and further illumination. The compounds potently blocked representative V-ATPases from human kidney, liver, and osteoclastic giant-cell tumor of bone but were essentially inactive against V-ATPases of Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other membrane ATPases. Essential regulation of pH in cytoplasmic, intraorganellar, and local extracellular spaces is provided by V-ATPases, which are ubiquitously distributed among eukaryotic cells and tissues. The most potent and selective V-ATPase inhibitors heretofore known were the bafilomycins and concanamycins, which do not discriminate between mammalian and nonmammalian V-ATPases. Numerous physiological processes are mediated by V-ATPases, and aberrant V-ATPase functions are implicated in many different human diseases. Previous efforts to develop therapeutic pharmacological modulators of V-ATPases have been frustrated by a lack of synthetically tractable and biologically selective leads. Therefore, availability of the unique benzolactone enamide inhibitor class may enable further elucidation of functional and architectural features of mammalian versus nonmammalian V-ATPase isoforms and provide new opportunities for targeting V-ATPase-mediated processes implicated in diverse pathophysiological phenomena, including cancer.lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:11259534pubmed:dateRevised2007-11-14lld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:11259534pubmed:articleTitleDiscovery of a novel antitumor benzolactone enamide class that selectively inhibits mammalian vacuolar-type (H+)-atpases.lld:pubmed
pubmed-article:11259534pubmed:affiliationLaboratory of Natural Products, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bldg. 1052, Rm. 121, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA. boyd@tdpax2.ncifcrf.govlld:pubmed
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pubmed-article:11259534pubmed:publicationTypeResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.lld:pubmed
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