Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/504
Predicate | Object |
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rdfs:label |
Ammonium Chloride (Injection, Solution, Concentrate)
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dailymed-instance:dosage |
Ammonium Chloride Injection, USP is administered intravenously
and must be diluted before use. Solutions for intravenous infusion should
not exceed a concentration of 1% to 2% of ammonium chloride. Dosage
is dependent upon the condition and tolerance of the patient. It is recommended
that the contents of one to two vials (100 to 200 mEq) be added to 500 or
1000 mL of isotonic (0.9%) sodium chloride injection. The rate of intravenous
infusion should not exceed 5 mL per minute in adults (approximately 3 hours
for infusion of 1000 mL). Dosage should be monitored by repeated serum bicarbonate
determinations. Parenteral drug products should be inspected
visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration,
whenever solution and container permit. See PRECAUTIONS.
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dailymed-instance:descripti... |
Ammonium Chloride Injection, USP, 100 mEq, is a sterile,
nonpyrogenic solution of ammonium chloride (NHCl) in water for
injection administered (after dilution) by the intravenous route. Each mL
contains 267.5 mg of ammonium chloride 5 mEq of ammonium and 5 mEq of chloride)
and edetate disodium (anhydrous) 2 mg added as a stabilizer. pH 4.4 (4.0 to
6.0). May contain hydrochloric acid for pH adjustment. 10 mOsmol/mL (calc.).
It is intended to be used only after dilution in a larger volume of isotonic
(0.9%) sodium chloride injection. The solution contains
no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer (except for pH adjustment)
and is intended only for dilution as a single-dose additive. When smaller
doses are required the unused portion should be discarded with the entire
additive unit. Ammonium Chloride Injection, USP is an
electrolyte replenisher and systemic acidifier. Ammonium
Chloride, USP is chemically designated NHCl, colorless crystals
or white granular powder freely soluble in water. The
semi-rigid vial is fabricated from a specially formulated polyolefin. It is
a copolymer of ethylene and propylene. The safety of the plastic has been
confirmed by tests in animals according to USP biological standards for plastic
containers. The container requires no vapor barrier to maintain the proper
drug concentration.
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dailymed-instance:clinicalP... |
The ammonium ion (NH) in the body
plays an important role in the maintenance of acid-base balance. The kidney
uses ammonium (NH) in place of sodium (Na)
to combine with fixed anions in maintaining acid-base balance, especially
as a homeostatic compensatory mechanism in metabolic acidosis. When
a loss of hydrogen ions (H) occurs and serum chloride (Cl)
decreases, sodium is made available for combination with bicarbonate (HCO).
This creates an excess of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) which leads
to a rise in blood pH and a state of metabolic alkalosis. The
therapeutic effects of ammonium chloride depend upon the ability of the kidney
to utilize ammonia in the excretion of an excess of fixed anions and the conversion
of ammonia to urea by the liver, thereby liberating hydrogen (H)
and chloride (Cl) ions into the extracellular fluid.
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dailymed-instance:activeIng... | |
dailymed-instance:contraind... |
Ammonium chloride is contraindicated in patients with severe
impairment of renal or hepatic function. Ammonium chloride
should not be administered when metabolic alkalosis due to vomiting of hydrochloric
acid is accompanied by loss of sodium (excretion of sodium bicarbonate in
the urine).
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dailymed-instance:supply |
Ammonium Chloride Injection, USP, is supplied in 20 mL single-dose
plastic Fliptop Containers (List No. 6043). Store at
controlled room temperature 15��to 30��C (59��to 86��F).
[See USP.] Caution: Federal (USA) law prohibits dispensing
without prescription. HOSPIRA, INC., LAKE FOREST,
IL 60045 USA
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dailymed-instance:activeMoi... | |
dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | |
dailymed-instance:precautio... |
Patients receiving ammonium chloride should be constantly
observed for symptoms of ammonia toxicity (pallor, sweating, retching, irregular
breathing, bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, local and general twitching,
tonic convulsions and coma). It should be used with
caution in patients with high total COand buffer base secondary
to primary respiratory acidosis. Intravenous administration
should be slow to avoid local irritation and toxic effects. When
exposed to low temperatures, concentrated solutions of ammonium chloride may
crystallize. If crystals are observed, the vial should be warmed to room temperature
in a water bath prior to use. Do not administer unless
the solution is clear and seal is intact. Discard unused portion.<br/>Pregnancy Category C:: Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with
ammonium chloride. It is also not known whether ammonium chloride can cause
fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction
capacity. Ammonium chloride should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearlyneeded.
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dailymed-instance:overdosag... |
Overdosage of ammonium chloride has resulted in a serious
degree of metabolic acidosis, disorientation, confusion and coma. Should metabolic
acidosis occur following overdosage, the administration of an alkalinizing
solution such as sodium bicarbonate or sodium lactate will serve to correct
the acidosis.
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dailymed-instance:genericMe... |
Ammonium Chloride
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dailymed-instance:fullName |
Ammonium Chloride (Injection, Solution, Concentrate)
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dailymed-instance:adverseRe... |
Rapid intravenous administration of ammonium chloride may
be accompanied by pain or irritation at the site of injection or along the
venous route. Reactions which may occur because of the
solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection
at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the
site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia (from large volume diluent). If
an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient,
institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of
the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.
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dailymed-instance:indicatio... |
Ammonium Chloride Injection, USP, after dilution in isotonic
sodium chloride injection, may be indicated in the treatment of patients with
(1) hypochloremic states and (2) metabolic alkalosis.
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dailymed-instance:represent... | |
dailymed-instance:routeOfAd... | |
dailymed-instance:name |
Ammonium Chloride
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