Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/3894
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Dextrose (Injection, Solution)
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dailymed-instance:dosage |
The dose is dependent upon the age, weight and clinical condition
of the patient. As reported in the literature, the
dosage and constant infusion rate of intravenous dextrose must be selected
with caution in pediatric patients, particularly neonates and low birth weight
infants, because of the increased risk of hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia. Drug Interactions Additives
may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist, if available. When introducing
additives, use aseptic technique, mix thoroughly and do not store. Parenteral
drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration
prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. See PRECAUTIONS. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE To Open: Tear outer wrap
at notch and remove solution container. If supplemental medication is desired,
follow directions below before preparing for administration. To Add Medication Preparation for Administration (Use aseptic technique) WARNING: Do not use flexible container
in series connections.
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dailymed-instance:descripti... |
Dextrose Injection, USP solutions are sterile and nonpyrogenic.
They are parenteral solutions containing various concentrations of dextrose
in water for injection intended for intravenous administration. Each
100 mL of 5% Dextrose Injection, USP, contains dextrose, hydrous 5 g in water
for injection. The caloric value is 170 kcal/L. The osmolarity is 252 mOsmol/L
(calc.), which is slightly hypotonic. Each 100 mL of
10% Dextrose Injection, USP, contains dextrose, hydrous 10 g in water for
injection. The caloric value is 340 kcal/L. The osmolarity is 505 mOsmol/L
(calc.), which is hypertonic. The pH for both concentrations
is 4.3 (3.2 to 6.5). The solutions contain no bacteriostat,
antimicrobial agent or added buffer and each is intended only as a single-dose
injection. When smaller doses are required the unused portion should be discarded. The
solutions are parenteral fluid and nutrient replenishers. Dextrose,
USP is chemically designated D-glucose monohydrate (CHO���HO), a hexose sugar freely soluble in water. It has the following
structural formula: Water for Injection, USP is chemically
designated HO. The flexible plastic container
is fabricated from a specially formulated polyvinylchloride. Water can permeate
from inside the container into the overwrap but not in amounts sufficient
to affect the solution significantly. Solutions in contact with the plastic
container may leach out certain chemical components from the plastic in very
small amounts; however, biological testing was supportive of the safety of
the plastic container materials. Exposure to temperatures above 25��C/77��F
during transport and storage will lead to minor losses in moisture content.
Higher temperatures lead to greater losses. It is unlikely that these minor
losses will lead to clinically significant changes within the expiration period.
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dailymed-instance:clinicalP... |
When administered intravenously, these solutions provide
a source of water and carbohydrate. Isotonic and hypertonic
concentrations of dextrose are suitable for parenteral maintenance of water
requirements when salt is not needed or should be avoided. Solutions
containing carbohydrate in the form of dextrose restore blood glucose levels
and provide calories. Carbohydrate in the form of dextrose may aid in minimizing
liver glycogen depletion and exerts a protein-sparing action. Dextrose injected
parenterally undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide and water. Water
is an essential constituent of all body tissues and accounts for approximately
70% of total body weight. Average normal adult daily requirements range from
two to three liters (1.0 to 1.5 liters each for insensible water loss by
perspiration and urine production). Water balance is
maintained by various regulatory mechanisms. Water distribution depends primarily
on the concentration of electrolytes in the body compartments and sodium (Na)
plays a major role in maintaining physiologic equilibrium.
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dailymed-instance:activeIng... | |
dailymed-instance:contraind... |
Dextrose Injection without electrolytes should not be administered
simultaneously with blood through the same infusion set because of the possibility
that pseudoagglutination of red cells may occur.
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dailymed-instance:supply |
Dextrose Injection, USP is supplied in single-dose flexible
plastic containers in various sizes and concentrations as shown in the accompanying
Table. Store at 20 to 25��C (68 to 77��F). [See USP Controlled
Room Temperature.] Protect from freezing. U.S. patent 4,344,472 HOSPIRA, INC., LAKE FOREST,
IL 60045 USA
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dailymed-instance:precautio... |
Clinical evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations
are necessary to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations
and acid-base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the
condition of the patient warrants such evaluation. Solutions
containing dextrose should be used with caution in patients with known subclinical
or overt diabetes mellitus. Do not administer unless
solution is clear and container is undamaged. Discard unused portion.<br/>Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility:: Studies with Dextrose Injection, USP have not been performed
to evaluate carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential or effects on fertility.<br/>Pregnancy:: Teratogenic effects Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies
have not been conducted with dextrose. It is also not known whether dextrose
can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction
capacity. Dextrose should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.<br/>Nursing Mothers:: Caution should be exercised when Dextrose Injection, USP
is administered to a nursing mother.<br/>Pediatric Use:: The safety and effectiveness in the pediatric population
are based on the similarity of the clinical conditions of the pediatric and
adult populations. In neonates or very small infants the volume of fluid may
affect fluid and electrolyte balance. Frequent monitoring
of serum glucose concentrations is required when dextrose is prescribed to
pediatric patients, particularly neonates and low birth weight infants. In
very low birth weight infants, excessive or rapid administration of dextrose
injection may result in increased serum osmolarity and possible intracerebral
hemorrhage.<br/>Geriatric Use:: An evaluation of current literature revealed no clinical
experience identifying differences in response between elderly and younger
patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious,
usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater
frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant
disease or other drug therapy.
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dailymed-instance:overdosag... |
In the event of overhydration or solute overload, re-evaluate
the patient and institute appropriate corrective measures. See WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS,
and ADVERSE REACTIONS.
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dailymed-instance:genericMe... |
Dextrose
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dailymed-instance:fullName |
Dextrose (Injection, Solution)
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dailymed-instance:adverseRe... |
Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the
technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site
of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection,
extravasation and hypervolemia. If an adverse reaction
does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate
therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination
if deemed necessary.
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dailymed-instance:warning |
Excessive administration of potassium-free solutions may
result in significant hypokalemia. The intravenous
administration of these solutions can cause fluid and/or solute overloading
resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration,
congested states or pulmonary edema. The risk of dilutional
states is inversely proportional to the electrolyte concentrations of administered
parenteral solutions. The risk of solute overload causing congested states
with peripheral and pulmonary edema is directly proportional to the electrolyte
concentrations of such solutions.
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dailymed-instance:indicatio... |
Intravenous solutions containing dextrose are indicated for
parenteral replenishment of fluid and minimal carbohydrate calories as required
by the clinical condition of the patient.
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dailymed-instance:name |
Dextrose
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