Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/2053
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Dextrose (Injection, Solution)
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| dailymed-instance:dosage |
The dose is dependent upon the age, weight and clinical
condition of the patient. As reported in
the literature, the dosage and constant infusion rate of intravenous
dextrose must be selected with caution in pediatric patients, particularly
neonates and low birth weight infants, because of the increased risk
of hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia. Drug Interactions Additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist, if available.
When introducing additives, use aseptic technique, mix thoroughly
and do not store. Parenteral drug products
should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration
prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. See
PRECAUTIONS.
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| dailymed-instance:descripti... |
5% Dextrose Injection, USP solution is sterile and
nonpyrogenic. It is a parenteral solution containing dextrose in water
for injection intended for intravenous administration. Each 100 mL of 5% Dextrose Injection, USP, contains
dextrose, hydrous 5 g in water for injection. The caloric value is
170 kcal/L. The osmolarity is 252 mOsmol/L (calc.), which is slightly
hypotonic. The solution pH is 4.3 (3.2 to
6.5). This solution contains no bacteriostat,
antimicrobial agent or added buffer and is intended only as a single-dose
injection. When smaller doses are required the unused portion should
be discarded. 5% Dextrose Injection, USP
is a parenteral fluid and nutrient replenisher. Dextrose, USP is chemically designated D-glucose monohydrate (CHO���HO), a hexose
sugar freely soluble in water. It has the following structural formula: Water for Injection, USP
is chemically designated HO. The
flexible plastic container is fabricated from a clear multilayer plastic
film (FC97). Exposure to temperatures above 25��C/77��F during
transport and storage will lead to minor losses in moisture content.
Higher temperatures lead to greater losses. It is unlikely that these
minor losses will lead to clinically significant changes within the
expiration period.
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| dailymed-instance:clinicalP... |
When administered intravenously, these solutions
provide a source of water and carbohydrate. Isotonic and hypertonic concentrations of dextrose are suitable
for parenteral maintenance of water requirements when salt is not
needed or should be avoided. Solutions containing
carbohydrate in the form of dextrose restore blood glucose levels
and provide calories. Carbohydrate in the form of dextrose may aid
in minimizing liver glycogen depletion and exerts a protein-sparing
action. Dextrose injected parenterally undergoes oxidation to carbon
dioxide and water. Water is an essential
constituent of all body tissues and accounts for approximately 70%
of total body weight. Average normal adult daily requirements range
from two to three liters (1.0 to 1.5 liters each for insensible water
loss by perspiration and urine production). Water balance is maintained by various regulatory mechanisms.
Water distribution depends primarily on the concentration of electrolytes
in the body compartments and sodium (Na) plays a major
role in maintaining physiologic equilibrium.
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| dailymed-instance:contraind... |
5% Dextrose Injection, USP without electrolytes should
not be administered simultaneously with blood through the same infusion
set because of the possibility that pseudoagglutination of red cells
may occur.
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| dailymed-instance:supply |
5% Dextrose Injection, USP is supplied in single-dose
flexible plastic containers as follows: Store at 20 to 25��C (68 to 77��F). [See
USP Controlled Room Temperature.] Protect from freezing. U.S. patent
4,344,472 May, 2006
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| dailymed-instance:precautio... |
Clinical evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations
are necessary to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations
and acid-base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever
the condition of the patient warrants such evaluation. Solutions containing dextrose should be used with
caution in patients with known subclinical or overt diabetes mellitus. Do not administer unless solution is clear and container
is undamaged. Discard unused portion.<br/>Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis,
Impairment of Fertility:: Studies with 5% Dextrose Injection, USP have not
been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential
or effects on fertility.<br/>Pregnancy::<br/>Teratogenic effects: Pregnancy Category C. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with dextrose.
It is also not known whether dextrose can cause fetal harm when administered
to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Dextrose
should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.<br/>Nursing Mothers:: Caution should be exercised when 5% Dextrose Injection,
USP is administered to a nursing mother.<br/>Pediatric Use:: The safety and effectiveness in the pediatric population
are based on the similarity of the clinical conditions of the pediatric
and adult populations. In neonates or very small infants the volume
of fluid may affect fluid and electrolyte balance. Frequent monitoring of serum glucose concentrations is required
when dextrose is prescribed to pediatric patients, particularly neonates
and low birth weight infants. In very low
birth weight infants, excessive or rapid administration of dextrose
injection may result in increased serum osmolarity and possible intracerebral
hemorrhage.<br/>Geriatric Use:: An evaluation of current literature revealed no clinical
experience identifying differences in response between elderly and
younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient
should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing
range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal,
or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.
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| dailymed-instance:overdosag... |
In the event of overhydration or solute overload,
re-evaluate the patient and institute appropriate corrective measures.
See WARNINGS, PRECAUTIONS, and ADVERSE REACTIONS.
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| dailymed-instance:genericMe... |
Dextrose monohydrate
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| dailymed-instance:fullName |
Dextrose (Injection, Solution)
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| dailymed-instance:adverseRe... |
Reactions which may occur because of the solution
or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection
at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending
from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia. If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the
infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic
countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination
if deemed necessary.
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| dailymed-instance:warning |
Excessive administration of potassium-free solutions
may result in significant hypokalemia. The
intravenous administration of these solutions can cause fluid and/or
solute overloading resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations,
overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema. The risk of dilutional states is inversely proportional to the
electrolyte concentrations of administered parenteral solutions. The
risk of solute overload causing congested states with peripheral and
pulmonary edema is directly proportional to the electrolyte concentrations
of such solutions.
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| dailymed-instance:indicatio... |
Intravenous solutions containing dextrose are indicated
for parenteral replenishment of fluid and minimal carbohydrate calories
as required by the clinical condition of the patient.
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| dailymed-instance:name |
Dextrose
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