Source:http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/dailymed/resource/drugs/1211
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Dextrose (Injection, Solution)
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dailymed-instance:dosage |
For peripheral vein administration: Injection of the solution should be made slowly. The maximum rate
at which dextrose can be infused without producing glycosuria is 0.5 g/kg
of body weight/hour. About 95% of the dextrose is retained when infused ata rate of 0.8 g/kg/hr. In insulin-induced hypoglycemia,
intravenous injection of 10 to 25 grams of dextrose (20 to 50 mL of 50%
dextrose) is usually adequate. Repeated doses and supportive treatment may
be required in severe cases. A specimen for blood glucose determination should
be taken before injecting the dextrose. In such emergencies, dextrose should
be administered promptly without awaiting pretreatment test results. For central venous administration: For
total parenteral nutrition 50% Dextrose Injection, USP is administered by
slow intravenous infusion (a) after admixture with amino acid solutions via
an indwelling catheter with the tip positioned in a large central vein, preferably
the superior vena cava, or (b) after dilution with sterile water for injection.
Dosage should be adjusted to meet individual patient requirements. Clinical
evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations are necessary to monitor
changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations and acid-base balance
during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the condition of the patient
warrants such evaluation. The maximum rate of dextrose
administration which does not result in glycosuria is the same as cited above. Parenteral
drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration
prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. See CONTRAINDICATIONS.
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dailymed-instance:descripti... |
50% Dextrose Injection, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, hypertonic
solution of dextrose in water for injection for intravenous injection as a
fluid and nutrient replenisher. Each mL of fluid contains
0.5 g dextrose, hydrous which delivers 3.4 kcal/gram. The solution has an
osmolarity of 2.53 mOsmol/mL (calc.), a pH of 4.2 (3.2 to 6.5) and may contain
sodium hydroxide and/or hydrochloric acid for pH adjustment. The
solution contains no bacteriostat, antimicrobial agent or added buffer (except
for pH adjustment) and is intended only for use as a single-dose injection.
When smaller doses are required, the unused portion should be discarded with
the entire unit. Dextrose, USP is chemically designated
CHO���HO (D-glucose
monohydrate), a hexose sugar freely soluble in water. Dextrose, hydrous has
the following structural formula: Water
for Injection, USP is chemically designated HO . The
syringe is molded from a specially formulated polypropylene. Water permeates
from inside the container at an extremely slow rate which will have an insignificant
effect on solution concentration over the expected shelf life. Solutions in
contact with the plastic container may leach out certain chemical components
from the plastic in very small amounts; however, biological testing was supportive
of the safety of the syringe material.
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dailymed-instance:clinicalP... |
When administered intravenously this solution restores blood
glucose levels in hypoglycemia and provides a source of carbohydrate calories. Carbohydrate
in the form of dextrose may aid in minimizing liver glycogen depletion and
exerts a protein-sparing action. Dextrose injection undergoes oxidation to
carbon dioxide and water. Water is an essential constituent
of all body tissues and accounts for approximately 70% of total body weight.
Average normal adult requirement ranges from two to three liters (1.0 to 1.5
liters each for insensible water loss by perspiration and urine production). Water
balance is maintained by various regulatory mechanisms. Water distribution
depends primarily on the concentration of electrolytes in the body compartments
and sodium (Na) plays a major role in maintaining physiologic
equilibrium.
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dailymed-instance:contraind... |
A concentrated dextrose solution should not be used when
intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage is present, nor in the presence of
delirium tremens if the patient is already dehydrated. Dextrose
injection without electrolytes should not be administered simultaneously with
blood through the same infusion set because of the possibility that pseudoagglutination
of red cells may occur.
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dailymed-instance:supply |
50% Dextrose Injection, USP is supplied in single-dose containers
as follows: Exposure of pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized.
Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. It is recommended that the product
be stored at room temperature (25��C); however, brief exposure up to 40��C
does not adversely affect the product. HOSPIRA, INC., LAKE FOREST,
IL 60045 USA Abboject is
a trademark of the Abbott group of companies.
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dailymed-instance:activeMoi... | |
dailymed-instance:inactiveI... | |
dailymed-instance:precautio... |
Do not use unless the solution is clear and seal is intact.
Discard unused portion. Electrolyte deficits, particularly
in serum potassium and phosphate, may occur during prolonged use of concentrated
dextrose solutions. Blood electrolyte monitoring is essential and fluid and
electrolyte imbalances should be corrected. Essential vitamins and minerals
also should be provided as needed. To minimize hyperglycemia
and consequent glycosuria, it is desirable to monitor blood and urine glucose
and if necessary, add insulin. When a concentrated dextrose
infusion is abruptly withdrawn, it is advisable to follow with the administration
of 5% or 10% dextrose injection to avoid rebound hypoglycemia. Solutions
containing dextrose should be used with caution in patients with known subclinical
or overt diabetes mellitus. Care should be exercised
to insure that the needle is well within the lumen of the vein and that extravasation
does not occur. If thrombosis should occur during administration, the injection
should be stopped and corrective measures instituted. Concentrated
dextrose solutions should not be administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly.<br/>Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility:: Studies with solutions in polypropylene syringes have not
been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential or
effects on fertility.<br/>Pregnancy Category C.: Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with
dextrose. It is also not known whether dextrose can cause fetal harm when
administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Dextrose
should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.<br/>Nursing Mothers: It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk.
Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised
when 50% Dextrose Injection, USP is administered to a nursing mother.
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dailymed-instance:overdosag... |
In the event of overhydration or solute overload during therapy,
re-evaluate the patient and institute appropriate corrective measures. See
WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS.
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dailymed-instance:genericMe... |
Dextrose
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dailymed-instance:fullName |
Dextrose (Injection, Solution)
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dailymed-instance:adverseRe... |
Hyperosmolar syndrome, resulting from excessively rapid administration
of concentrated dextrose may cause mental confusion and/or loss of consciousness. Reactions
which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration
include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis
or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia. If
an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient,
institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of
the fluid for examination if deemed necessary.
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dailymed-instance:warning |
50% Dextrose Injection is hypertonic and may cause phlebitis
and thrombosis at the site of injection. Significant
hyperglycemia and possible hyperosmolar syndrome may result from too rapid
administration. The physician should be aware of the symptoms of hyperosmolar
syndrome, such as mental confusion and loss of consciousness, especially in
patients with chronic uremia and those with known carbohydrate intolerance. The
intravenous administration of this solution can cause fluid and/or solute
overloading resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration,
congested states or pulmonary edema. Additives may be
incompatible. Consult with pharmacist if available. When introducing additives,
use aseptic technique, mix thoroughly and do not store. For peripheral vein administration: The
solution should be given slowly, preferably through a small bore needle into
a large vein, to minimize venous irritation. For central venous administration: Concentrated
dextrose should be administered via central vein only after suitable dilution.
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dailymed-instance:indicatio... |
50% Dextrose Injection is indicated in the treatment of insulin
hypoglycemia (hyperinsulinemia or insulin shock) to restore blood glucose
levels. The solution is also indicated, after dilution,
for intravenous infusion as a source of carbohydrate calories in patients
whose oral intake is restricted or inadequate to maintain nutritional requirements.
Slow infusion of hypertonic solutions is essential to insure proper utilization
of dextrose and avoid production of hyperglycemia.
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dailymed-instance:name |
Dextrose
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